利用java开发微信公众号案例代码

微信公众号开发一般是针对企业和组织的，个人一般只能申请订阅号，并且调用的接口有限，下面我们就来简单的描述下接入公众号的步骤：

1、首先你需要一个邮箱在微信公众号平台进行注册；
注册的方式有订阅号、公众号、小程序和企业号，个人我们这里只能选择订阅号

2、注册完后，我们登录到公众号平台--->开发--->基本配置,这里需要填写URL和token，URL就是我们使用服务器的接口；

3、Java Web服务器程序编译好且在服务器上部署可以运行的话，可在微信公众号进行在线接口调试：

1）、选择合适的接口
2）、系统会生成该接口的参数表，您可以直接在文本框内填入对应的参数值（红色星号表示该字段必填）
3）、点击检查问题按钮，即可得到相应的调试信息

eg:获取access_token的步骤：

1）、接口类型：基础支持
2）、接口列表：获取access_token接口/token
3）、填写相应的参数：grant_type、appid、secret
4）、点击检查问题
5）、验证成功会返回结果和提示，结果为：200 ok,提示：Request successful即表示验证成功

我们这里验证比较多的是消息接口调试：文本消息、图片消息、语音消息、视频消息、etc

4、接口有不理解的地方，可进入开发-->开发者工具-->开发者文档进行查询

5、接口权限：订阅号主要有基础支持、接收消息及网页服务里面的一些接口

下面我们主要讲订阅号怎么样接收消息的案例：

1、需要申请一个个人微信订阅号
2、url服务器和服务器端代码部署（可以用腾讯云or阿里云服务器）

1）、AccountsServlet.java类，验证来自微信服务器和微信服务器的消息处理

package cn.jon.wechat.servlet;  import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;  import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  import cn.jon.wechat.service.AccountsService; import cn.jon.wechat.utils.SignUtil;  public class AccountsServlet extends HttpServlet {   public AccountsServlet() {  super();  }    public void destroy() {  super.destroy();  // Put your code here  }  /**  * 确认请求来自于微信服务器  */   public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)   throws ServletException, IOException {   System.out.println("接口测试开始！！！");   //微信加密签名   String signature = request.getParameter("signature");   //时间戳   String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");   //随机数   String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");   //随机字符串   String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");     PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();   //通过校验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败   if(SignUtil.checkSignature(signature,timestamp,nonce)){   out.print(echostr);   }   out.close();   out = null; //  response.encodeRedirectURL("success.jsp");      }  /**  * 处理微信服务器发来的消息  */  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)   throws ServletException, IOException {  //消息的接受、处理、响应  request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");  response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");  //调用核心业务类型接受消息、处理消息  String respMessage = AccountsService.processRequest(request);    //响应消息  PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  out.print(respMessage);  out.close();      }   public void init() throws ServletException {  // Put your code here  }  }

2）、SignUtil.java类，请求校验工具类，token需要和微信中填写的token一致

package cn.jon.wechat.utils;  import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;  /**  * 请求校验工具类  * @author jon  */ public class SignUtil {  //与微信配置中的的Token一致  private static String token = "";   public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp,   String nonce) {  String[] arra = new String[]{token,timestamp,nonce};  //将signature,timestamp,nonce组成数组进行字典排序  Arrays.sort(arra);  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();  for(int i=0;i<arra.length;i++){   sb.append(arra[i]);  }  MessageDigest md = null;  String stnStr = null;  try {   md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");   byte[] digest = md.digest(sb.toString().getBytes());   stnStr = byteToStr(digest);  } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {   // TODO Auto-generated catch block   e.printStackTrace();  }  //释放内存  sb = null;  //将sha1加密后的字符串与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信  return stnStr!=null?stnStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()):false;  }  /**  * 将字节数组转换成十六进制字符串  * @param digestArra  * @return  */  private static String byteToStr(byte[] digestArra) {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  String digestStr = "";  for(int i=0;i<digestArra.length;i++){   digestStr += byteToHexStr(digestArra[i]);  }  return digestStr;  }  /**  * 将字节转换成为十六进制字符串  */  private static String byteToHexStr(byte dByte) {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  char[] Digit = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};  char[] tmpArr = new char[2];  tmpArr[0] = Digit[(dByte>>>4)&0X0F];  tmpArr[1] = Digit[dByte&0X0F];  String s = new String(tmpArr);  return s;  }   public static void main(String[] args) {  /*byte dByte = 'A';  System.out.println(byteToHexStr(dByte));*/  Map<String,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();  map.put("4", "zhangsan");  map.put("100", "lisi");  Set set = map.keySet();  Iterator iter = set.iterator();  while(iter.hasNext()){ //  String keyV = (String) iter.next();   String key =(String)iter.next();   System.out.println(map.get(key)); //  System.out.println(map.get(iter.next()));  }  /*for(int i=0;i<map.size();i++){    }*/  } }

3）、AccountsService.java服务类，主要是消息的请求和响应处理，并且当用户关注你的公众号的时候，可以设置默认推送消息

package cn.jon.wechat.service;  import java.util.Date; import java.util.Map;  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.utils.MessageUtil;  /**  * 解耦，使控制层与业务逻辑层分离开来，主要处理请求，响应  * @author jon  */ public class AccountsService {   public static String processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {  String respMessage = null;  //默认返回的文本消息内容  String respContent = "请求处理异常，请稍后尝试！";  try {   //xml请求解析   Map<String,String> requestMap = MessageUtil.pareXml(request);     //发送方账号（open_id）   String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");   //公众账号   String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");   //消息类型   String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");     //默认回复此文本消息   TextMessage defaultTextMessage = new TextMessage();   defaultTextMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   defaultTextMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   defaultTextMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   defaultTextMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);   defaultTextMessage.setFuncFlag(0);   // 由于href属性值必须用双引号引起，这与字符串本身的双引号冲突，所以要转义   defaultTextMessage.setContent("欢迎访问<a href=/"http://blog.csdn.net/j086924/">jon的博客</a>!"); //  defaultTextMessage.setContent(getMainMenu());   // 将文本消息对象转换成xml字符串   respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(defaultTextMessage);      //文本消息   if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT)){   //respContent = "Hi,您发送的是文本消息！";   //回复文本消息   TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage(); //  textMessage.setToUserName(toUserName); //  textMessage.setFromUserName(fromUserName);   //这里需要注意，否则无法回复消息给用户了   textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   textMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);   textMessage.setFuncFlag(0);   respContent = "Hi，你发的消息是："+requestMap.get("Content");   textMessage.setContent(respContent);   respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage);   }   //图片消息   else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE)){      ImageMessage imageMessage=new ImageMessage();   imageMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   imageMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   imageMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   imageMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE);   //respContent=requestMap.get("PicUrl");   imageMessage.setPicUrl("http://img24.pplive.cn//2013//07//24//12103112092_230X306.jpg");   respMessage = MessageUtil.imageMessageToXml(imageMessage);   }   //地理位置   else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION)){   LocationMessage locationMessage=new LocationMessage();   locationMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   locationMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   locationMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   locationMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION);   locationMessage.setLocation_X(requestMap.get("Location_X"));   locationMessage.setLocation_Y(requestMap.get("Location_Y"));   locationMessage.setScale(requestMap.get("Scale"));   locationMessage.setLabel(requestMap.get("Label"));   respMessage = MessageUtil.locationMessageToXml(locationMessage);      }     //视频消息   else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO)){   VideoMessage videoMessage=new VideoMessage();   videoMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   videoMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   videoMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   videoMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO);   videoMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId"));   videoMessage.setThumbMediaId(requestMap.get("ThumbMediaId"));   respMessage = MessageUtil.videoMessageToXml(videoMessage);      }   //链接消息   else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK)){   LinkMessage linkMessage=new LinkMessage();   linkMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   linkMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   linkMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   linkMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK);   linkMessage.setTitle(requestMap.get("Title"));   linkMessage.setDescription(requestMap.get("Description"));   linkMessage.setUrl(requestMap.get("Url"));   respMessage = MessageUtil.linkMessageToXml(linkMessage);   }   //语音消息   else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE)){   VoiceMessage voiceMessage=new VoiceMessage();   voiceMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);   voiceMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);   voiceMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());   voiceMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE);   voiceMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId"));   voiceMessage.setFormat(requestMap.get("Format"));   respMessage = MessageUtil.voiceMessageToXml(voiceMessage);   }   //事件推送   else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT)){   //事件类型   String eventType = requestMap.get("Event");   //订阅   if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE)){    respContent = "谢谢关注！";   }   //取消订阅   else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE)){    //    System.out.println("取消订阅");      }   else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_CLICK)){    //自定义菜单消息处理    System.out.println("自定义菜单消息处理");   }   }    } catch (Exception e) {   // TODO Auto-generated catch block   e.printStackTrace();  }  return respMessage;  }   public static String getMainMenu()  {  StringBuffer buffer =new StringBuffer();  buffer.append("您好，我是jon,请回复数字选择服务:").append("/n");  buffer.append("1、我的博客").append("/n");  buffer.append("2、 歌曲点播").append("/n");  buffer.append("3、 经典游戏").append("/n");  buffer.append("4 、聊天打牌").append("/n/n");  buffer.append("回复"+"0"+"显示帮助菜单");  return buffer.toString();    } }

4）、MessageUtil.java帮助类，包括常量的定义和xml消息转换和处理

package cn.jon.wechat.utils;  import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.Writer; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map;  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  import org.dom4j.Document; import org.dom4j.Element; import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;  import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.Article; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.MusicMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.NewsMessage; import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage;  import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter; import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;  /**  * 各种消息的处理类  * @author jon  */  public class MessageUtil {  /**  * 文本类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT = "text";  /**  * 音乐类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_MUSIC = "music";  /**  * 图文类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_NEWS = "news";   /**  * 视频类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO = "video";  /**  * 图片类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE = "image";  /**  * 链接类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK = "link";  /**  * 地理位置类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION = "location";  /**  * 音频类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE = "voice";  /**  * 推送类型  */  public static final String MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT = "event";  /**  * 事件类型：subscribe（订阅）  */  public static final String EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";  /**  * 事件类型：unsubscribe（取消订阅）  */  public static final String EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";  /**  * 事件类型：click（自定义菜单点击事件）  */  public static final String EVENT_TYPE_CLICK= "CLICK";   /**  * 解析微信发来的请求 XML  */  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")  public static Map<String,String> pareXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {    //将解析的结果存储在HashMap中  Map<String,String> reqMap = new HashMap<String, String>();    //从request中取得输入流  InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();  //读取输入流  SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();  Document document = reader.read(inputStream);  //得到xml根元素  Element root = document.getRootElement();  //得到根元素的所有子节点  List<Element> elementList = root.elements();  //遍历所有的子节点取得信息类容  for(Element elem:elementList){   reqMap.put(elem.getName(),elem.getText());  }  //释放资源  inputStream.close();  inputStream = null;    return reqMap;  }  /**  * 响应消息转换成xml返回  * 文本对象转换成xml  */  public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {  xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(textMessage);  }  /**  * 语音对象的转换成xml  *  */  public static String voiceMessageToXml(VoiceMessage voiceMessage) {  xstream.alias("xml", voiceMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(voiceMessage);  }   /**  * 视频对象的转换成xml  *  */  public static String videoMessageToXml(VideoMessage videoMessage) {  xstream.alias("xml", videoMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(videoMessage);  }   /**  * 音乐对象的转换成xml  *  */  public static String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessage musicMessage) {  xstream.alias("xml", musicMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(musicMessage);  }  /**  * 图文对象转换成xml  *  */  public static String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessage newsMessage) {  xstream.alias("xml", newsMessage.getClass());  xstream.alias("item", new Article().getClass());  return xstream.toXML(newsMessage);  }   /**  * 图片对象转换成xml  *  */   public static String imageMessageToXml(ImageMessage imageMessage)  {  xstream.alias("xml",imageMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(imageMessage);    }   /**  * 链接对象转换成xml  *  */   public static String linkMessageToXml(LinkMessage linkMessage)  {  xstream.alias("xml",linkMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(linkMessage);    }   /**  * 地理位置对象转换成xml  *  */   public static String locationMessageToXml(LocationMessage locationMessage)  {  xstream.alias("xml",locationMessage.getClass());  return xstream.toXML(locationMessage);    }   /**  * 拓展xstream，使得支持CDATA块  *  */  private static XStream xstream = new XStream(new XppDriver(){  public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out){   return new PrettyPrintWriter(out){   //对所有的xml节点的转换都增加CDATA标记   boolean cdata = true;      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")   public void startNode(String name,Class clazz){    super.startNode(name,clazz);   }      protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer,String text){    if(cdata){    writer.write("<![CDATA[");    writer.write(text);    writer.write("]]>");    }else{    writer.write(text);    }   }   };  }  });  }

5）、BaseMessage.java消息基类(包括：开发者微信号、用户账户、创建时间、消息类型、消息ID变量)，文本、视频、图片消息都会继承此基类，在此基础上扩展自己的变量，可根据开发者文档中的各种消息属性进行定义

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; /**  * 消息基类 （普通用户-公众号）  * @author jon  */ public class BaseMessage {   //开发者微信号  private String ToUserName;  //发送方账号（一个openId）  private String FromUserName;  //消息创建时间（整型）  private long CreateTime;  //消息类型（text/image/location/link...）  private String MsgType;  //消息id 64位整型  private String MsgId;   public BaseMessage() {  super();  // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  }   public BaseMessage(String toUserName, String fromUserName, long createTime,   String msgType, String msgId) {  super();  ToUserName = toUserName;  FromUserName = fromUserName;  CreateTime = createTime;  MsgType = msgType;  MsgId = msgId;  }   public String getToUserName() {  return ToUserName;  }   public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {  ToUserName = toUserName;  }   public String getFromUserName() {  return FromUserName;  }   public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {  FromUserName = fromUserName;  }  public long getCreateTime() {  return CreateTime;  }   public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {  CreateTime = createTime;  }  public String getMsgType() {  return MsgType;  }   public void setMsgType(String msgType) {  MsgType = msgType;  }  public String getMsgId() {  return MsgId;  }   public void setMsgId(String msgId) {  MsgId = msgId;  } }

6）、TextMessage.java文本消息，继承自5中基类，扩展内容属性

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; /**  * 文本消息  * @author jon  */ public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage{  //消息内容  private String content;   public String getContent() {  return content;  }   public void setContent(String content) {  this.content = content;  }  }

7）、ImageMessage.java图片消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req; /**  * 图片消息  * @author jon  */ public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage{  //图片链接  private String PicUrl;   public String getPicUrl() {  return PicUrl;  }   public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {  PicUrl = picUrl;  } }

8）、VideoMessage.java视频消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;  public class VideoMessage extends BaseMessage {   private String mediaId;  private String thumbMediaId;  public String getMediaId() {  return mediaId;  }  public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {  this.mediaId = mediaId;  }  public String getThumbMediaId() {  return thumbMediaId;  }  public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) {  this.thumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;  }  }

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