微信开发笔记

引言：

　　工作中开发微信网站，简称微网站。由于微网站的分享内容是系统自动选取的当前网址，客户需要改变分享的内容，即点击屏幕右上角的分享按钮，选择发送给朋友和发送到朋友圈，其中的内容和图片需要自定义。于是查找文档微信JS-SDK说明文档一文和网站众多高手的经验，大体知道了调用的步骤，但是具体如何调用才能成功却是不了解的。经过一番试验，终于成功调用发送朋友和发送到朋友圈两个接口，此处记录调用的具体过程。

步骤一：引用js文件。

在需要调用JS接口的页面引入如下JS文件，（支持https）：http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.0.0.js

步骤二:通过config接口注入权限验证配置

wx.config({    debug: true, // 开启调试模式,调用的所有api的返回值会在客户端alert出来，若要查看传入的参数，可以在pc端打开，参数信息会通过log打出，仅在pc端时才会打印。    appId: '', // 必填，公众号的唯一标识    timestamp: , // 必填，生成签名的时间戳    nonceStr: '', // 必填，生成签名的随机串    signature: '',// 必填，签名，见附录1    jsApiList: [] // 必填，需要使用的JS接口列表，所有JS接口列表见附录2});

网上众多网友也是这样写的，但是具体如果配却谈之甚少，接下来介绍本文是如何调用的。

debug和appId，都不用说，很简单。

timespan生成签名的时间戳：

/// <summary>        /// 生成时间戳        /// 从 1970 年 1 月 1 日 00：00：00 至今的秒数，即当前的时间，且最终需要转换为字符串形式        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public string getTimestamp()        {            TimeSpan ts = DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);            return Convert.ToInt64(ts.TotalSeconds).ToString();        }

nonceStr生成签名的随机串：

/// <summary>        /// 生成随机字符串        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public string getNoncestr()        {            Random random = new Random();            return MD5Util.GetMD5(random.Next(1000).ToString(), "GBK");        }

/// <summary>    /// MD5Util 的摘要说明。    /// </summary>    public class MD5Util    {        public MD5Util()        {            //            // TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑                        //                    }                    /** 获取大写的MD5签名结果 */        public static string GetMD5(string encypStr, string charset)        {            string retStr;            MD5CryptoServiceProvider m5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();                        //创建md5对象            byte[] inputBye;            byte[] outputBye;                        //使用GB2312编码方式把字符串转化为字节数组．            try            {                inputBye = Encoding.GetEncoding(charset).GetBytes(encypStr);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                inputBye = Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312").GetBytes(encypStr);            }            outputBye = m5.ComputeHash(inputBye);            retStr = System.BitConverter.ToString(outputBye);            retStr = retStr.Replace("-", "").ToUpper();                        return retStr;        }    }

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/// <summary>    /// MD5Util 的摘要说明。    /// </summary>    public class MD5Util    {        public MD5Util()        {            //            // TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑            //        }        /** 获取大写的MD5签名结果 */        public static string GetMD5(string encypStr, string charset)        {            string retStr;            MD5CryptoServiceProvider m5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();            //创建md5对象            byte[] inputBye;            byte[] outputBye;            //使用GB2312编码方式把字符串转化为字节数组．            try            {                inputBye = Encoding.GetEncoding(charset).GetBytes(encypStr);            }            catch (Exception ex)            {                inputBye = Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312").GetBytes(encypStr);            }            outputBye = m5.ComputeHash(inputBye);            retStr = System.BitConverter.ToString(outputBye);            retStr = retStr.Replace("-", "").ToUpper();            return retStr;        }    }

singature签名的生成比较麻烦。

首先生成获取access_token（有效期7200秒，开发者必须在自己的服务全局缓存access_token）

public string Getaccesstoken()        {            string appid = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WXZjAppID"].ToString();            string secret = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WXZjAppSecret"].ToString();            string urljson = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret;            string strjson = "";            UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();            HttpWebRequest myRequest =            (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(urljson);            myRequest.Method = "GET";            myRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";            HttpWebResponse response;            Stream responseStream;            StreamReader reader;            string srcString;            response = myRequest.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;            responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();            reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);            srcString = reader.ReadToEnd();            reader.Close();            if (srcString.Contains("access_token"))            {                //CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(srcString);                HP.CPS.BLL.WeiXin.CommonJsonModel model = new BLL.WeiXin.CommonJsonModel(srcString);                strjson = model.GetValue("access_token");                Session["access_tokenzj"] = strjson;            }            return strjson;        }

public class CommonJsonModelAnalyzer    {        protected string _GetKey(string rawjson)        {            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                return rawjson;            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            string[] jsons = rawjson.Split(new char[] { ':' });            if (jsons.Length < 2)                return rawjson;            return jsons[0].Replace("/"", "").Trim();        }        protected string _GetValue(string rawjson)        {            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                return rawjson;            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            string[] jsons = rawjson.Split(new char[] { ':' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);            if (jsons.Length < 2)                return rawjson;            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();            for (int i = 1; i < jsons.Length; i++)            {                builder.Append(jsons[i]);                builder.Append(":");            }            if (builder.Length > 0)                builder.Remove(builder.Length - 1, 1);            string value = builder.ToString();            if (value.StartsWith("/""))                value = value.Substring(1);            if (value.EndsWith("/""))                value = value.Substring(0, value.Length - 1);            return value;        }        protected List<string> _GetCollection(string rawjson)        {            //[{},{}]            List<string> list = new List<string>();            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                return list;            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();            int nestlevel = -1;            int mnestlevel = -1;            for (int i = 0; i < rawjson.Length; i++)            {                if (i == 0)                    continue;                else if (i == rawjson.Length - 1)                    continue;                char jsonchar = rawjson[i];                if (jsonchar == '{')                {                    nestlevel++;                }                if (jsonchar == '}')                {                    nestlevel--;                }                if (jsonchar == '[')                {                    mnestlevel++;                }                if (jsonchar == ']')                {                    mnestlevel--;                }                if (jsonchar == ',' && nestlevel == -1 && mnestlevel == -1)                {                    list.Add(builder.ToString());                    builder = new StringBuilder();                }                else                {                    builder.Append(jsonchar);                }            }            if (builder.Length > 0)                list.Add(builder.ToString());            return list;        }    }    public class CommonJsonModel : CommonJsonModelAnalyzer    {        private string rawjson;        private bool isValue = false;        private bool isModel = false;        private bool isCollection = false;        public CommonJsonModel(string rawjson)        {            this.rawjson = rawjson;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                throw new Exception("missing rawjson");            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            if (rawjson.StartsWith("{"))            {                isModel = true;            }            else if (rawjson.StartsWith("["))            {                isCollection = true;            }            else            {                isValue = true;            }        }        public string Rawjson        {            get { return rawjson; }        }        public bool IsValue()        {            return isValue;        }        public bool IsValue(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return false;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return false;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    return submodel.IsValue();                }            }            return false;        }        public bool IsModel()        {            return isModel;        }        public bool IsModel(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return false;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return false;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    return submodel.IsModel();                }            }            return false;        }        public bool IsCollection()        {            return isCollection;        }        public bool IsCollection(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return false;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return false;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    return submodel.IsCollection();                }            }            return false;        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是对象，返回拥有的key        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public List<string> GetKeys()        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            List<string> list = new List<string>();            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                string key = new CommonJsonModel(subjson).Key;                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                    list.Add(key);            }            return list;        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是对象，key对应是值，则返回key对应的值        /// </summary>        /// <param name="key"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public string GetValue(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return null;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                    return model.Value;            }            return null;        }        /// <summary>        /// 模型是对象，key对应是对象，返回key对应的对象        /// </summary>        /// <param name="key"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public CommonJsonModel GetModel(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return null;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    if (!submodel.IsModel())                        return null;                    else                        return submodel;                }            }            return null;        }        /// <summary>        /// 模型是对象，key对应是集合，返回集合        /// </summary>        /// <param name="key"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public CommonJsonModel GetCollection(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return null;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    if (!submodel.IsCollection())                        return null;                    else                        return submodel;                }            }            return null;        }        /// <summary>        /// 模型是集合，返回自身        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public List<CommonJsonModel> GetCollection()        {            List<CommonJsonModel> list = new List<CommonJsonModel>();            if (IsValue())                return list;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(rawjson))            {                list.Add(new CommonJsonModel(subjson));            }            return list;        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是值对象，返回key        /// </summary>        private string Key        {            get            {                if (IsValue())                    return base._GetKey(rawjson);                return null;            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是值对象，返回value        /// </summary>        private string Value        {            get            {                if (!IsValue())                    return null;                return base._GetValue(rawjson);            }        }    }

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public class CommonJsonModelAnalyzer    {        protected string _GetKey(string rawjson)        {            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                return rawjson;            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            string[] jsons = rawjson.Split(new char[] { ':' });            if (jsons.Length < 2)                return rawjson;            return jsons[0].Replace("/"", "").Trim();        }        protected string _GetValue(string rawjson)        {            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                return rawjson;            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            string[] jsons = rawjson.Split(new char[] { ':' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);            if (jsons.Length < 2)                return rawjson;            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();            for (int i = 1; i < jsons.Length; i++)            {                builder.Append(jsons[i]);                builder.Append(":");            }            if (builder.Length > 0)                builder.Remove(builder.Length - 1, 1);            string value = builder.ToString();            if (value.StartsWith("/""))                value = value.Substring(1);            if (value.EndsWith("/""))                value = value.Substring(0, value.Length - 1);            return value;        }        protected List<string> _GetCollection(string rawjson)        {            //[{},{}]            List<string> list = new List<string>();            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                return list;            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();            int nestlevel = -1;            int mnestlevel = -1;            for (int i = 0; i < rawjson.Length; i++)            {                if (i == 0)                    continue;                else if (i == rawjson.Length - 1)                    continue;                char jsonchar = rawjson[i];                if (jsonchar == '{')                {                    nestlevel++;                }                if (jsonchar == '}')                {                    nestlevel--;                }                if (jsonchar == '[')                {                    mnestlevel++;                }                if (jsonchar == ']')                {                    mnestlevel--;                }                if (jsonchar == ',' && nestlevel == -1 && mnestlevel == -1)                {                    list.Add(builder.ToString());                    builder = new StringBuilder();                }                else                {                    builder.Append(jsonchar);                }            }            if (builder.Length > 0)                list.Add(builder.ToString());            return list;        }    }    public class CommonJsonModel : CommonJsonModelAnalyzer    {        private string rawjson;        private bool isValue = false;        private bool isModel = false;        private bool isCollection = false;        public CommonJsonModel(string rawjson)        {            this.rawjson = rawjson;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(rawjson))                throw new Exception("missing rawjson");            rawjson = rawjson.Trim();            if (rawjson.StartsWith("{"))            {                isModel = true;            }            else if (rawjson.StartsWith("["))            {                isCollection = true;            }            else            {                isValue = true;            }        }        public string Rawjson        {            get { return rawjson; }        }        public bool IsValue()        {            return isValue;        }        public bool IsValue(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return false;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return false;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    return submodel.IsValue();                }            }            return false;        }        public bool IsModel()        {            return isModel;        }        public bool IsModel(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return false;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return false;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    return submodel.IsModel();                }            }            return false;        }        public bool IsCollection()        {            return isCollection;        }        public bool IsCollection(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return false;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return false;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    return submodel.IsCollection();                }            }            return false;        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是对象，返回拥有的key        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public List<string> GetKeys()        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            List<string> list = new List<string>();            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                string key = new CommonJsonModel(subjson).Key;                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                    list.Add(key);            }            return list;        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是对象，key对应是值，则返回key对应的值        /// </summary>        /// <param name="key"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public string GetValue(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return null;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                    return model.Value;            }            return null;        }        /// <summary>        /// 模型是对象，key对应是对象，返回key对应的对象        /// </summary>        /// <param name="key"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public CommonJsonModel GetModel(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return null;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    if (!submodel.IsModel())                        return null;                    else                        return submodel;                }            }            return null;        }        /// <summary>        /// 模型是对象，key对应是集合，返回集合        /// </summary>        /// <param name="key"></param>        /// <returns></returns>        public CommonJsonModel GetCollection(string key)        {            if (!isModel)                return null;            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))                return null;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(this.rawjson))            {                CommonJsonModel model = new CommonJsonModel(subjson);                if (!model.IsValue())                    continue;                if (model.Key == key)                {                    CommonJsonModel submodel = new CommonJsonModel(model.Value);                    if (!submodel.IsCollection())                        return null;                    else                        return submodel;                }            }            return null;        }        /// <summary>        /// 模型是集合，返回自身        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public List<CommonJsonModel> GetCollection()        {            List<CommonJsonModel> list = new List<CommonJsonModel>();            if (IsValue())                return list;            foreach (string subjson in base._GetCollection(rawjson))            {                list.Add(new CommonJsonModel(subjson));            }            return list;        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是值对象，返回key        /// </summary>        private string Key        {            get            {                if (IsValue())                    return base._GetKey(rawjson);                return null;            }        }        /// <summary>        /// 当模型是值对象，返回value        /// </summary>        private string Value        {            get            {                if (!IsValue())                    return null;                return base._GetValue(rawjson);            }        }    }

接着获取jsapi_ticket：

用第一步拿到的access_token 采用http GET方式请求获得jsapi_ticket（有效期7200秒，开发者必须在自己的服务全局缓存jsapi_ticket）

public string Getjsapi_ticket()        {            string accesstoken = (string)Session["access_tokenzj"];            string urljson = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token=" + accesstoken + "&type=jsapi";            string strjson = "";            UTF8Encoding encoding = new UTF8Encoding();            HttpWebRequest myRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(urljson);            myRequest.Method = "GET";            myRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";            HttpWebResponse response = myRequest.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;            Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();            StreamReader reader = new System.IO.StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);            string srcString = reader.ReadToEnd();            reader.Close();            if (srcString.Contains("ticket"))            {                HP.CPS.BLL.WeiXin.CommonJsonModel model = new BLL.WeiXin.CommonJsonModel(srcString);                strjson = model.GetValue("ticket");                Session["ticketzj"] = strjson;            }            return strjson;        }

最后生成signature：

public string Getsignature(string nonceStr, string timespanstr)        {            if (Session["access_tokenzj"] == null)            {                Getaccesstoken();            }            if (Session["ticketzj"] == null)            {                Getjsapi_ticket();            }            string url = Request.Url.ToString();            string str = "jsapi_ticket=" + (string)Session["ticketzj"] + "&noncestr=" + nonceStr +                "&timestamp=" + timespanstr + "&url=" + url;// +"&wxref=mp.weixin.qq.com";            string singature = SHA1Util.getSha1(str);            string ss = singature;            return ss;        }

class SHA1Util    {        public static String getSha1(String str)        {            //建立SHA1对象            SHA1 sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();            //将mystr转换成byte[]             ASCIIEncoding enc = new ASCIIEncoding();            byte[] dataToHash = enc.GetBytes(str);            //Hash运算            byte[] dataHashed = sha.ComputeHash(dataToHash);            //将运算结果转换成string            string hash = BitConverter.ToString(dataHashed).Replace("-", "");            return hash;        }    }

class SHA1Util    {        public static String getSha1(String str)        {            //建立SHA1对象            SHA1 sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();            //将mystr转换成byte[]             ASCIIEncoding enc = new ASCIIEncoding();            byte[] dataToHash = enc.GetBytes(str);            //Hash运算            byte[] dataHashed = sha.ComputeHash(dataToHash);            //将运算结果转换成string            string hash = BitConverter.ToString(dataHashed).Replace("-", "");            return hash;        }    }

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本文调用实例：

<script type="text/javascript">        wx.config({            debug: false,            appId: '<%=corpid %>',            timestamp: <%=timestamp%>,            nonceStr: '<%=nonceStr%>',            signature: '<%=signature %>',            jsApiList: ['onMenuShareTimeline', 'onMenuShareAppMessage']        });    </script>

步骤三：调用接口

在进行完第二步的调用后，步骤三就显得非常轻巧了。

wx.ready(function(){    // config信息验证后会执行ready方法，所有接口调用都必须在config接口获得结果之后，config是一个客户端的异步操作，所以如果需要在页面加载时就调用相关接口，则须把相关接口放在ready函数中调用来确保正确执行。对于用户触发时才调用的接口，则可以直接调用，不需要放在ready函数中。});

本文的调用实例是：

<script type="text/javascript" >    wx.ready(function () {        wx.onMenuShareAppMessage({            title: '<%=shareTitle %>',            desc: '<%=shareContent %>',            link: '<%=currentUrl %>',            imgUrl: '<%=shareImageUrl %>'        });        wx.onMenuShareTimeline({            title: '<%=shareContent %>',            link: '<%=currentUrl %>',            imgUrl: '<%=shareImageUrl %>'        });    })     </script>

<script type="text/javascript" >    wx.ready(function () {        wx.onMenuShareAppMessage({            title: '<%=shareTitle %>',            desc: '<%=shareContent %>',            link: '<%=currentUrl %>',            imgUrl: '<%=shareImageUrl %>'        });        wx.onMenuShareTimeline({            title: '<%=shareContent %>',            link: '<%=currentUrl %>',            imgUrl: '<%=shareImageUrl %>'        });    })     </script>

本文基本上总结到此处。

易出现的问题：

1、检查后台是否设置：右上角公众号名称--功能设置--JS接口安全域名

2、检查代码里的appid和公众号后台的id是否一致

3、图片的调用地址是绝对路径（相对路径好像不行）。

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